There is a sprawling scholarship on violence, crime, and corrupt state rule; yet few have interpreted these challenges as transformative at a global scale and as a potential source of alternative, non-state, legitimacy. This volume challenges "Westphalian conservativism" in a provocative yet plausible manner, shedding light on the ubiquity and diversity of unfolding non-state agendas and on their effects on the imaginary state community.