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Sep 18, 2026

Japan’s Perspective on Italian and European Engagement in the Indo-Pacific

Japan has come to treat European participation as a structural component of its Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP) vision rather than as a symbolic supplement. Confronted with an increasingly transactional US and with intensifying Chinese economic coercion, Tokyo is pursuing a deliberately multilayered strategy in which the EU provides normative…

Sep 18, 2026

The Indo-Pacific Engagement: Lessons from the Dutch Case for Italy’s Indo-Pacific Turn

The Dutch experience demonstrates that European involvement in the Indo-Pacific is centred on economic security, maritime security, and institutional partnerships rather than sustained military presence. At the same time, it reveals structural limitations, including a capability-ambition gap and the risk of symbolic security engagement.

Sep 18, 2026

Assessing Germany’s Indo-Pacific Engagement: What Lessons for Italy?

Germany’s Indo-Pacific engagement since 2020 illustrates both continuity and adaptation. While the original guidelines provided a flexible and inclusive framework, the evolving geopolitical environment has required gradual strategic recalibration. Germany’s experience offers no blueprint for other European actors, but it does provide several strategically relevant lessons.

Sep 18, 2026

China and Taiwan in Germany’ s Approach to the Indo-Pacific: Evolution, but no Revolution

While China has in no way become less important from the German perspective (economically, strategically and in terms of global order), the assessment of Beijing’s behavior and aspirations has become more critical over this period of time. At the same time, Taiwan has cautiously been “upgraded” as a partner.

Sep 18, 2026

Tougher Talk, Careful Steps in the Indo-Pacific: Germany’s Foreign Policy under Friedrich Merz

The German government under Friedrich Merz has announced a tougher stance on China and more European alignment on foreign policy. This article examines whether these rhetorical shifts have translated into a more strategic and coherent German approach toward the Indo-Pacific during the coalition’s first nine months in office.

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